Aircraft Range Circle Map - Or why when you see flight paths on a map always take a curved route between 2 cities?
This path is called a geodesic or great circle path. They are common in walking, sailing and flying.
Aircraft Range Circle Map
But geodesy can be confusing when looking at a two-dimensional map, because it follows a strange flat path. Let's dig into this concept a bit.
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On the flight from New York to Madrid, if I asked you which is the shortest line, you would say the direct one, right?
However, a straight line on a 2-dimensional map is not the same as a straight line on a 3-dimensional globe.
Now here's what the same flight paths look like in the area. Remember that the straight line on the Mercator map above follows the 40° latitude line.
A route that looks long on a map is due to distortions created by map projections such as the Mercator projection. In navigation, pilots often use great circles (geodesic) as the shortest distance.
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Now that you have a visual understanding of great circles. Here is a definition of what a great circle is:
In basic terms, imagine yourself cutting into an orange. You can cut them at any angle - north-south, east-west, diagonally. As long as you cut two identical parts, the circle where the cut is made is a larger circle.
You can also cut the poles north and south. This line is longitudinal and cuts into two equal parts. Any meridian line is also a perfect circle.
A great circle produces two arcs where the shortest is the shortest path. This is the shortest path and how the plane turns to create the shortest path.
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What if you follow along the 40° latitude? Anywhere that does not cut two equal pieces is a small circle.
While the track of the toboggan is at a constant azimuth, the geodetic line changes direction all the time.
Airplanes take the shortest path in 3-dimensional space. This line is called a geodesic or great circle.
While map projections distort these routes confusing passengers, the great circle route is the shortest route between two distant destinations.
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That's why pilots fly great routes to save time and distance. And that's why pilots often fly over Greenland. I found an interesting error in Flying Magazine today where the writer described the diameter of the plane as "anywhere from a perfect circle to an egg shape based on wind conditions." It's wrong!
Remember, you have to think in very simple terms about the effect of wind on an airplane. Wind is just the movement of air. After the plane leaves the ground for takeoff, it does not experience the influence of static wind because it flies through the air in a constant relationship to that wind. From any given point in the air mass, the diameter of the aircraft is a perfect circle within that mass.
Wind is important in flight, of course, because it changes the track and speed of the ground relative to the ground. This changes the fuel requirements, and ultimately the cost and efficiency of the aircraft between the peak points. But what the wind does not create "eggs" or "half-valley forms". When the air is calm, the circle of diameter in the air mass is the same as the ground. If the wind is 20 kt, the center of the diameter circle moves 20 NM away from the plane's starting point per hour of flight.
The slight asymmetry of two or more diameter circles is caused by the fact that the concentric "diameter rings" will be positioned at different points on the surface. As explained above, if the 1-hour interval ring is offset by 20 NM, then the 2-hour interval ring should be offset by 40 NM, and so on. When these wide rings are made at the same time, they give a slight impression that they are oblong, when in fact they are not quite circular.
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If that explanation is too simple, you can check the air math using high school trigonometry.
If we assume, for simplicity, a northerly wind and an hour's endurance, the width of the plane can be expressed as follows:
The north-south motion vector will be added to the wind speed, pushing the plane south.
The result of these formulas is a regular circle that has been moved south by a distance equal to the wind speed. We can even verify using these formulas that the various ground tracks created by different aircraft headings will result in the aircraft landing on points on the circle corresponding to the heading, which is exactly equal to the center of the circle.
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My example charts take the aircraft over the Rich Mountain VOR flying at 100 KTAS with a 50 kt wind from the north. In one hour, an airplane can travel 50 NM north or 150 NM south due to the wind. In 30 minutes, the plane can travel 25 NM north or 75 NM south, etc.
To design your own diameter ring, you can easily avoid fancy trigonometry. Just remember that you can take the wind speed, multiply it by the number of hours of flight, and move the center of the circle many miles in the direction of the wind. The radius of the circle is the number of flight hours multiplied by the actual airspeed. After planning the center and the radius, you can draw a full circle to see the width in all directions. With a turboprop plane, the Beechcraft King Air C90GTx has a good width that allows the plane to provide regional routes. The maximum flight distance is 1,260 nautical miles, 1,450 statute miles, or 2,334 kilometers. Those numbers are the maximum distance the plane can fly with the seats reserved for one of the planes. Beechcraft and Textron have not listed any additional information on how the range is achieved other than mention of "boat" in some publications.
The actual diameter will be much smaller than the maximum diameter numbers sold by Beechcraft. Textron's range map on their website shows the King Air C90GTx's range to be 865 nautical miles (nm) at a 1,000-pound payload. Range is 1,029 nm with a 500-pound payload. These categories take maximum power, another airport is NBAA IFR at 100 nm, and fly at Flight Level 270 (27,000 feet).
Below is the Beechcraft King Air C90GTx range map. The range map is based on a range of 1,260 nm maximum.
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Above is the Beechcraft King Air C90GTx range map. Map created with GPSVisualizer.com and other software from.
With a range of 1,260 nautical miles, the King Air C90GTx can fly from Orlando (KMCO) to Dallas (KDFW) and Orlando to Teterboro (TEB) (New York area). The turboprop can also fly from San Francisco (KSFO) to Denver (KDEN) and Seattle (SEA). The range category of the C90GTx is in the regional category. The plane can only fly within the region it is in and cannot make long trips without refueling. If you look at the range numbers at maximum payload, the aircraft is regionally limited as a 1,000 pound payload will only allow the aircraft to fly 865 nm at maximum speed/power. If the power in flight is reduced, the C90GTx will be able to fly more distances, however.
To learn more about the Beechcraft King Air C90GTx, please see other articles here on the site.
Do you have a question on the topic of aviation or need help with anything related to aviation? Ask David, the Strategy/Research Analyst, for help. David and the team can help with your questions. Learn more and contact David here. There are several flight distance mapping tools designed to calculate how far an airplane will fly. They can help you decide which machine and model is best for your travel needs.
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At Guardian Jet, we call our tool the "Rings of Range" map. Basically, it helps you see how far you can travel from the nearest airport.
However, remember that Range Rings are not designed to replace an aircraft. But they are a great tool for filling in broader lessons.
By definition, a flight distance map is an online tool to help you visualize how far a model airplane can travel. It calculates the maximum distance in meters and the length of the flight from any airport.
It is also a great tool for comparing planes and their flight capabilities. At Guardian Jet, our "Range Rings" mapping tool offers a variety of features. It allows you to quickly:
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Our "Range Rings" mapping tool is very easy to use. It takes a few simple steps, so you don't have to do complicated calculations. To use it, you:
This flight distance map comparison tells us that the Praetor 600 has the longest range of the three models. But, as you can see, the Challenger 350 and G280 are not too far from the Embraer. From Teterboro, New
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